Belarus: Dire Consequences of Decree Targeting Exiled Citizens

Belarus: Decree Puts Exiled Citizens at Risk

Background

On September 4, 2023, Belarusian President Aliaksander Lukashenka signed a decree that denies exiled citizens the ability to obtain or renew their passports or process essential documents at Belarusian consulates overseas. The decree abolishes the authority of consulates and diplomatic missions in issuing, replacing, or extending passports or identification cards for Belarusians living abroad, making such work the responsibility of internal affairs officials. This leaves exiled Belarusians without access to valid identification documents abroad, placing them at risk of politically motivated prosecution if they are forced to return to Belarus to process their documents.

Repression against Exiled Belarusians

Over the last three years, Belarus has witnessed widespread and systematic repression, leading to a significant number of Belarusians seeking refuge abroad. It is estimated that between 200,000 and 500,000 Belarusians are currently living in exile. The Lukashenka regime has targeted activists, journalists, human rights defenders, lawyers, and political opponents. This repression shows no signs of diminishing, with as many as 1,510 detainees currently imprisoned for political reasons.

Returning to Belarus to process essential documents now poses a significant risk to exiled Belarusians. The regime has shown a willingness to arbitrarily detain and prosecute individuals who have returned from abroad. Examples of such cases include the detention of a human rights lawyer and a journalist upon their return from Poland in 2022, resulting in both individuals being sentenced to six years in prison on bogus charges of aiding extremist activity.

An Attack on Fundamental Rights

The newly issued decree, under the guise of improving and optimizing the work of diplomatic missions and consulates, exposes Belarusian citizens living abroad to dire risks and infringes upon their fundamental rights. By denying exiled Belarusians access to valid identification documents, the regime is effectively disrupting their ability to live, travel, and work legally in their countries of residence.

This lack of identity documents also hinders exiled Belarusians’ access to basic services such as medical care and education. The denial of these essential rights is a clear violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which Belarus is a party. The covenant explicitly states that everyone should be free to leave their country, including obtaining the necessary travel documents.

International Obligations and Responsibilities

Belarusian authorities are attempting to expand their repression beyond the country’s borders. It is crucial for other countries to ensure that exiled Belarusians living on their territory can exercise their basic human rights. Measures should be taken to provide effective alternatives to documentation, allowing them to work, travel, and access essential services. Countries like Lithuania and Poland have already provided foreigner passports to exiled Belarusians, showing the way forward in supporting this vulnerable population.

Editorial: Stifling Dissent and Silencing Opposition

A Desperate Attempt to Maintain Control

The recent decree issued by Belarus undermines the very foundations of a democratic society by denying exiled citizens access to valid identification documents. This move is simply another desperate attempt by the Lukashenka regime to stifle dissent and silence opposition.

The Power of Exile

Exile has long been a powerful tool for those who oppose oppressive regimes. By seeking refuge abroad, dissidents not only protect themselves from persecution but also gain the ability to exert pressure on their home country through international advocacy and alliances. The Belarusian regime clearly understands this and is now attempting to strip exiled citizens of their ability to effectively challenge its authority.

An International Responsibility

The international community cannot remain silent in the face of such blatant violations of human rights. Countries around the world have a responsibility to provide support and protection to exiled Belarusians. This includes not only ensuring their physical safety but also granting them the necessary documentation and rights to live, work, and access essential services.

Solidarity and Support

Global actors, including governments, international organizations, and civil society, must stand in solidarity with exiled Belarusians and push back against the repressive measures employed by the Lukashenka regime. Together, we can provide alternative avenues for documentation, create safe spaces for exiled Belarusians, and advocate for their rights on the international stage.

Advice: Empowering Exiled Belarusians

Providing Legal Alternatives

Given the dire situation faced by exiled Belarusians, it is essential for countries to explore legal alternatives to documentation. This could include granting foreigner passports or other forms of identification that allow exiled individuals to maintain their legal status, access essential services, and pursue education and employment opportunities. Lithuana and Poland’s example in providing foreigner passports should be followed by other countries.

Ensuring Safety and Protection

Exiled Belarusians often face threats to their safety, both abroad and potentially upon their return to Belarus. Governments must prioritize their security by providing adequate protection mechanisms and safeguards. This could include offering temporary asylum or refugee status to those who fear persecution in their home country.

Advocating for Human Rights

The international community has a crucial role to play in advocating for the human rights of exiled Belarusians. Governments, international organizations, and civil society should exert pressure on the Belarusian regime to cease its repressive actions and respect the rights of its citizens. This could involve imposing targeted sanctions, diplomatic pressure, and raising awareness through media campaigns and international forums.

The plight of exiled Belarusians requires our urgent attention and action. By standing up for their rights and offering support, we can send a clear message to the Lukashenka regime that the world will not tolerate its oppressive actions. Only through collective efforts can we provide hope and security for those who have been forced into exile.

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